 | When Toys Come Alive: Narratives of Animation, Metamorphosis, and Development Subjects: Metamorphosis in literature; Toys in literature; Children’s literature -- History and criticism; Fantastic literature -- History and criticism; Since the eighteenth century, toys have had an important place in European and American stories written for children and adults, often taking on a secret, sensual, even carnivalesque life of their own. In this groundbreaking work, Lois Rostow Kuznets studies the role of toy characters in works ranging from older classics like Pinocchio , Winnie the Pooh , and The Velveteen Rabbit , through modern texts like The Mouse and His Child and the popular comic strip Calvin and Hobbes , to the latest science fiction featuring robots and cyborgs. Using a variety of intertextual critical approaches, including feminist theory, neo-Freudian Winnicott play analysis, structuralism, and neo-Marxism, Kuznets focuses on how toy characters, like children's play, can be associated with deep human needs, desires, and fears. Anxiety about being "real"--an autonomous subject rather than an object--permeates many of the texts Kuznets analyzes. Toy fantasies also raise existential issues of power: what it means either to dominate or to be dominated by more powerful beings, and what dangers might lie in the transformation of a toy into a living being--an act of human creativity that represents a challenge to divine creation. Kuznets concludes that although many of these texts subvert conformity on an individual level, they also tend to evoke a romantic nostalgia that supports the underlying values and hierarchies of a patriarchal society. Kuznets Lois Rostow : Lois Rostow Kuznets is professor of English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State University. |
