 | Piety and Nationalism: Lay Voluntary Associations and the Creation of an Irish-Catholic Community in Toronto, 1850-1895 Subjects: Irish -- Ontario -- Toronto -- Societies etc -- History -- 19th century; Catholic Church -- Ontario -- Toronto -- Societies etc -- 19th century; Irish -- Ontario -- Toronto -- History -- 19th century; Lay voluntary associations played a vital role in the creation of a religiously informed ethnic culture among the Irish Catholics in Toronto. Brian Clarke places the Toronto experience in the context of the two Irish-Catholic awakenings, one national, the |
