| In Black and White Subjects: Progressivism (United States politics); Liberalism; Social gospel; Women White; Social movements; African Americans; African Americans; "Our problem is not racial, but human and economic. . . . We hold the Negro racially responsible for conditions common to all races on his economic plane." The writings of reformer Lily Hardy Hammond (1859-1925) are filled with such forthright criticisms of southern white attitudes toward African Americans--enough so that her stature as a southern progressive thinker would seem assured. Yet Hammond, who once stood at the intellectual center of the southern women's social gospel movement and was in her time the South's most prolific female writer on the "race question," has been marginalized. ELNA C. GREEN is Associate Dean of the College of Humanities and the Arts at San Jose State University. She is the author of This Business of Relief and the editor of Before the New Deal and The New Deal and Beyond (all Georgia) |