![]() | Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan Subjects: Turkmenistan -- History -- 20th century; Turkmen -- Ethnic identity; Nationalism -- Turkmenistan; Turkmenistan -- Social conditions; On October 27, 1991, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Hammer and sickle gave way to a flag, a national anthem, and new holidays. Seven decades earlier, Turkmenistan had been a stateless conglomeration of tribes. What brought about this remarkable transformation? Adrienne Lynn Edgar is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She was formerly an editor of World Policy Journal . |
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