 | Victorian Jews Through British Eyes When Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, Britain was home to only 30,000 Jews and they did not yet have full political rights. By the end of the century their numbers had increased about sevenfold, and practising Jews had taken their places in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Victoria's reign therefore saw a tremendous change in the profile of Jews within British society. The Victorian period was also one of economic transition for British Jews. While initially in a narrow range of predominantly working-class or marginal occupations with only a small upper-class élite, Jews became increasingly middle-class during these years; they began to enter the professions, and to move from inner London to fashionable suburbs. Increasingly, Britain's Jews were British-born and of British descent, and proclaimed their loyalty to British ideals. From 1881 on, however, the position changed dramatically: a mass of Jewish immigrants arriving from Russia, made conspicuous by their foreign dress, appearance, language, and habits, prompted the emergence of an 'Aliens Question' into the British political arena. The image of Jews changed yet again. All these developments were picked up in the illustrated magazines of the time: the object of a magazine is to interest its readers, and the unfamiliar may be more compelling reading than the commonplace. To illustrate the social history of the Jews in Victorian Britain, the authors therefore combed the Illustrated London News , Punch , and The Graphic and selected nearly 150 illustrations, with commentary, to show how the British image of the Jew developed in this period. The topics considered include early Victorian attitudes to Jews; the leading Jewish families and other prominent Jews; the Jewish way of life; immigrant Jews; Jewish life abroad; and the Jew in art. Anne Cowen was educated at University College London and at the City University Business School. She was Senior Lecturer in Economics and Industrial Relations at the Polytechnic of Central London. She has also undertaken economic research and business consultancy work, and is currently involved in running a small business. She has lectured widely on 'Victorian Jews through British eyes' and related themes, including at the Museum of London and Jewish Book Week, and on BBC radio. She is involved in a wide range of communal educational and charitable work, and is a Trustee of the New London Synagogue. The late Roger Cowen was educated at the University of Manchester and received an MBA from Columbia University Business School. He pursued a very creative and successful business career, and had a wide range of interests in the arts and communal activities. He died in 1986. |
