Teaching Children Science: Hands-On Nature Study in North America, 1890-1930
ISBN: 9780226449920
Platform/Publisher: Oxford Academic / University of Chicago Press
Digital rights: Users: Unlimited; Printing: Unlimited; Download: Unlimited
Subjects: History of Education;

In the early twentieth century, a curriculum known as nature study flourished in major city school systems, streetcar suburbs, small towns, and even rural one-room schools. This object-based approach to learning about the natural world marked the first systematic attempt to introduce science into elementary education, and it came at a time when institutions such as zoos, botanical gardens, natural history museums, and national parks were promoting the idea that direct knowledge of nature would benefit an increasingly urban and industrial nation.

The definitive history of this once pervasive nature study movement, Teaching Children Science emphasizes the scientific, pedagogical, and social incentives that encouraged primarily women teachers to explore nature in and beyond their classrooms. Sally Gregory Kohlstedt brings to vivid life the instructors and reformers who advanced nature study through on-campus schools, summer programs, textbooks, and public speaking. Within a generation, this highly successful hands-on approach migrated beyond public schools into summer camps, afterschool activities, and the scouting movement. Although the rich diversity of nature study classes eventually lost ground to increasingly standardized curricula, Kohlstedt locates its legacy in the living plants and animals in classrooms and environmental field trips that remain central parts of science education today.


Sally Gregory Kohlstedt directs the Program in History of Science and Technology at the University of Minnesota. Her teaching and research focus primarily on the history of science in American culture, with particular attention to museums, public education, and women and gender issues in science. In 2009 she edited, with Maria Rentetzi, Gender and Networking in Twentieth-Century Physical Sciences , a special issue of Centaurus . Current projects involve analysis of the use of texts in the object-rich subject of nature study, an account of the Smithsonian Institution, national identity, and the American West in the late nineteenth century, and an Isis reader.
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