 | A Brief History of the Subordination of African Americans in the U.S.: Of Handcuffs and Bootstraps This "brief history" presents the essential story of the subordination of African Americans in the U.S., captured in a 1968 cartoon by Pulitzer-prize-winning cartoonist John Fischetti. The drawing is of a black man handcuffed to a wall with cuffs labeled "White Racism." The caption reads, "Why don't they lift themselves up by their own bootstraps like we did?" Bootstraps shows just how little lift-up there has been, and how the handcuffs of white racism have been and continue to be the cause. Unique in its combination of comprehensiveness and brevity, Bootstraps is written in language for the general reader; yet its extensive endnotes will make it useful to both scholars and students. Its succinct overview of the subordination history includes an in-depth treatment of residential segregation - a legacy of slavery and a central problem of our time - and a response to the view that today's racial inequality is due largely to African Americans' own moral and cultural failures. By addressing a serious omission in the way we have educated our children, the book's narration of our white racism history may make a contribution to a much-needed confrontation with our racist past. Alexander Polikoff is Co-Director, Public Housing and Senior Staff Counsel for BPI, and has served as lead counsel in the landmark Gautreaux public housing litigation for more than 40 years. He is author of Housing the Poor: The Case for Heroism (1977), Waiting for Gautreaux: A Story of Segregation, Housing, and the Black Ghetto (2006), and The Path Still Open: A Greater Chance for Peace Than Ever Before (2009). Elizabeth Lassar, J.D. (Northwestern University School of Law), serves as a policy analyst for BPI, a Chicago law and policy center, with a focus on projects and policies that expand meaningful housing choice for low-income families and people of color. |
