| Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China During China's late imperial period (roughly 1400-1900 CE), men would gather by the millions every two or three years outside official examination compounds sprinkled across China. Only one percent of candidates would complete the academic regimen that would earn them a post in the administrative bureaucracy. Civil Examinations assesses the role of education, examination, and China's civil service in fostering the world's first professional class based on demonstrated knowledge and skill. Elman Benjamin A. : Benjamin A. Elman is Gordon Wu '58 Professor of Chinese Studies at Princeton University. |