![]() | Vatican I : The Council and the Making of the Ultramontane Church In 1869, some seven hundred Catholic bishops traveled to Rome to participate in the first church-wide council in three hundred years. The French Revolution had shaken the foundations of the church. Pope Pius IX was determined to set things right through a declaration by the council that the pope was infallible. O'Malley John W. : John W. O'Malley is University Professor at Georgetown University. |
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